Flex abrasion

Flex abrasion is the most common abrasion type to which a textile product is subjected. In flex abrasion the material is bent or flexed during rubbing. Flex abrasion occurs in apparel,furnishings and industrial products. Very little of the surface of most products is completely flat during usage, therefore flex abrasion tests may reflect the usage conditions more(Kadolph, 2007). Oscillatory cylinder, inflated diaphgram abrasion tester, flex abrasion testing machine are the instruments working on flex abrasion mechanism. In ASTM D 4157 oscillatory cylinder method, abrasion resistance is measured by subjecting the specimen to unidirectional rubbing action under known condition of pressure, tension, and abrasive action. During the test fabric is pulled tight in a frame and held stationary. Oscillating Cylinder Section, equipped with edge clamps to permit mounting of a sheet of abrasive material over its surface, capable of oscillating through an arc. Individual test specimens cut from the warp and weft directions are then rubbed back and forth using an ACT approved #10 cotton duck fabric as the abradant. The procedure often is used for upholstery, leather and other materials (ASTM D 4157). In inflated diaphgram method (Figure 7a), a specimen is abraded by rubbing either unidirectionally or multidirectionally against an abradant having specified surface characteristics. A specimen is held in a fixed position and supported by an inflated rubber diaphragm which is held under constant pressure. The abradant is mounted upon a plate, which is rigidly supported by a double-lever assembly to provide for free movement in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the reciprocating specimen clamp. The abradant plate assembly should be well balanced to maintain a vertical pressure equivalent to a mass of 0 to 2.2 kg (0 to 5 lb) by means of dead weights (ASTM D 3886). Fig. 7. (a) Schematic Diagram of Inflated Diaphragm Abrasion Tester, (b) Commercial Flexing and Abrasion Tester In ASTM D 3885, abrasion resistance is measured by subjecting the specimen to unidirectional reciprocal folding and rubbing over a specific bar under specified conditions of pressure, tension, and abrasive action by Flex Abrasion Testing Machine (Figure 7b). This test method is useful for pretreating material for subsequent testing for strength or barrier performance. The pressure and tension used is varied, depending on the mass and nature of the material and the end-use application. Testing machine consist of Balanced Head and Flex Block Assembly that has two parallel, smooth plates. The balanced head is rigidly supported by a double lever assembly to provide free movement in a direction perpendicular to the plate of the flex block. A positioning device is provided to position the flexing bar and yoke assembly while loading the specimen such that the edge of the flexing bar is parallel to the fold of the specimen during the test (ASTM D3885).